![]() ![]() The resultant increase in intestinal permeability and formation of a “leaky gut,” can increase the infiltration of large amounts of pathogenic bacteria and toxic metabolites into the bloodstream, causing local or systemic inflammation. Gut microbial disorders can disrupt intestinal-brain homeostasis and tight junctions in these systems. However, it can be rapidly altered by a number of exogenous and endogenous factors, such as antibiotic therapy, inflammatory disease, diet, or stress ( Borre et al., 2014 Schokker et al., 2017). The gut microbiota consists of a complex and relatively stable community of microorganisms widely reported to influence metabolism, the immune and endocrine systems, and neuromodulation in the host ( Cryan and Dinan, 2012 Chen et al., 2021). Overall, our findings indicate that dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR-32 can reduce antibiotic-induced FP in laying hens and is a promising treatment to improve the welfare of domestic birds. The correlation analysis revealed that probiotic-enhanced bacteria were positively correlated, and probiotic-reduced bacteria were negatively correlated with tight junction-related gene expression, and 5-HT metabolism, and butyric acid levels. Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR-32 supplementation restored the profile of the gut microbial community, and showed a strong positive effect by increasing the expression of tight junction proteins in the ileum and hypothalamus and promoting the expression of genes related to central 5-HT metabolism. However, treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR-32 following antibiotic exposure significantly alleviated the decline in egg production performance and reduced SFP behavior. Moreover, intestinal and blood-brain barrier functions were impaired, and 5-HT metabolism was inhibited. The study revealed that antibiotic exposure resulted in decreased egg production performance and an increased tendency toward severe feather-pecking (SFP) behavior in laying hens. ![]() The current investigation aimed to induce intestinal dysbacteriosis in laying hens by supplementing their diet with the antibiotic lincomycin hydrochloride. The restorative effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR-32 against intestinal dysbacteriosis-induced alternations need to be determined either. However, it is not clear whether intestinal dysbacteriosis can induce the development of damaging behavior, such as FP. ![]() Antibiotics affect the gut microbial composition, leading to gut-brain axis imbalance and behavior and physiology changes in many species. I use them all the time and I've never had one fail on me.The development of abnormal feather-pecking (FP) behavior, where laying hens display harmful pecks in conspecifics, is multifactorial and has been linked to the microbiota-gut-brain axis. And as long as you close the snap properly, your lure isn't going to go anywhere. But it doesn't take long to get the hang of holding onto the snap until your next lure is securely latched in. When the snap is open it can easily slip right off the swivel and get lost. My only complaint would be that you have to be careful when opening and closing the snap. Because of their size and their round pull point, they have virtually no impact on the action of my lures, and the swivel helps prevent line twist. I get the size 08s which are rated at 50lb. They are super strong for their extremely small size. ![]() They're almost invisible and line twist is all but gone.Ĭomments: These are by far the best snap swivels I've ever used. It's a little bit to figure out how to open and close them and you might loose the wire part once before you get it but stick with it. A Finesse fisherman's dream and strong enough for the guys down south where the 10lbers grow. Even a 3/0 EWG swimbait hook will get wrecked with a fish going crazy.Ĭomments: The "only" and I mean the only snap I will use is this one! Fantastic tool. The light wire gets worn out quickly if you change lures often. The barrel size is perfect but it really needs a heavier wire snap. Comments: These are by far the best snap swivels I've ever used bar-none!Ĭomments: This product by far as the worst purchase I ever made didn't even last one hour on each swivel kept breaking not recommendedĬomments: Love these but I have lost quite a few fish & gear on the smaller #6 snap. ![]()
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